Bleeding Nose (epistaxis)

Epistaxis 

Epistaxis is defined as bleeding from nose , epistaxis is a very common problem that affect thousands of people all over the world especially children and during summer time

it is known that nose is very easy to bleed as it contains hundreds of very small capillaries connected together so any minor trauma can initiate massive bleeding as it can continue for hours non stopping

Multiple causes could lead to epistaxis as local trauma at the nose or hematological disease (disorder of blood coagulation) as hemophilia (deficiency of one or more of coagulation factors ) or thrombocytopenia which means (decreased platelets count that leads to bleeding from different orifices of the body )

Other causes of epistaxis is very hot wheather especially in children as it leads to rupture of small arteries (capillaries)that leads to bleeding 

Other causes include hereditary telangiectasia which is disorder characterized by malformation of blood vessels so the arteries become weak and easy to rupture 

Less common causes are tumors in the nose can also lead to bleeding as tumor called rhinoscleroma but this is not the first line of guessing 

Management of bleeding include putting adrenaline on a cotton bandage and hold it inside the nose as adrenaline will cause arteries to constrict thus it decrease bleeding, or even we can use cold water or ice they also decrease the bleeding tendency 

Putting your head back is not preferable as it can lead to aspiration of blood into your lungs and lead to infection 

If epistaxis happened to you many times you have to see a doctor to treat the underlying cause otherwise it can lead to serious conditions as loss of smell sensation and low blood pressure that could lead to dizziness and coma and aspiration of blood into lungs could lead to serious infections that finally lead to death